The Calcutta Police was very much agitated at this time due to lodging of false allegations. Personal animosities often culminated into registering false allegations to the police. In 1874, 1563 false allegations were registered. However, this tendency gradually came down due to firm handling of the situation by the police.

The Calcutta Police, in its tender days, had 4 sections viz., Report, Felony, Misdemeanour and Conservancy. The chowkidars used to patrol all night and submitted their reports to the Thanedars in the morning, who in turn, submitted it to the Police Supdt. If somebody was sent behind the bars, the Thanedar reported it to the concerned Magistrate. The Magistrate would then decide whether the convict was to be released or sent for trial. In matters of lesser significance, the convict was sent to the 'Misdemeanour' section whereas in cases of serious offence, he was referred to the 'Felony' Magistrate. The 'Conservancy' Dept. (here the Police), at the inception of the 19th Century, was entrusted with the task of collecting corporation taxes. In 1855, the police got rid off this department. The duties of the Calcutta Police in the 19th Century were manifold e.g. they had to cremate unidentified corpses lying on the streets, keep the roads, shops and arcades neat and clean. They were even supposed to monitor whether any unscrupulous trader was using wrong weights on his scale pans etc. They used to keep a vigilant eye on the motels, inns etc. In those years, arson was very common in Calcutta. This was because clay shanties were very prone to catching fire. In 1836, 65,584 shanties existed in Calcutta. They were canopied by hay roofs which caught fire easily. So the police forbade the use of hay in shanties in 1837. However, this did not bring down the number of arson cases. The police had to rush in wherever a house was in fire and had to extinguish it. For this purpose, the police had their own fire brigade. They had also to keep surveillance during the break out of fire so that the miscreants could not manipulate the situation and carry on loot and plunder.

In 1856, the Governor General introduced an Act treating Calcutta Police as a separate organization. Mr. S.Wanchope was appointed as the first Commissioner of Police. His tenure was till 1863. In 1866, Sir Stuart Hogg took over as the Commissioner of Police and in the same year the Calcutta Police Act and Calcutta Suburban Police Act (which are still in force) were enacted. The 'Hogg Market' popularly known as the 'New Market' to Calcuttans of today was named after him. Again, Sir Fredrick Halliday, who was appointed the Commissioner of Police in 1906, introduced several changes in the administration and is thus regarded as the father of modern Calcutta Police. During his tenure, Calcutta Police was divided into 3 town divisions and 2 suburban divisions.

After independence, Shri. R.N. Chatterjee became the first Indian Commissioner of Police. In the post independence period, several changes have been brought about in the structure of the police organization. At present, Calcutta Police has 5 divisions covering 42 police stations. The territorial jurisdiction of Calcutta Police encompasses an area of 89.55 sq.kms.